body waves and surface waves pdf

/Filter /FlateDecode x��P(�� endstream /Matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] The rest of the energy, which is most of the energy, is radiated from the focus of the earthquake in the form of seismic waves. Although they move even more slowly than S-waves, they can be much larger in amplitude and are often the most destructive type of seismic wave. 3 0 obj These waves are similar in many important ways to the familiar waves in air generated by a hand-clap or in water generated by a stone thrown into water. /R8 52 0 R The rupture initiated slowly at a depth of 23 km. Free Surface Water Waves z x y y=h(x,y,t) or F(x,y,z,t) = 0 B(x,y,z,t) = 0 Figure 1. endobj Surface waves Introduction As a result of geometric spreading in 2-D, the energy carried by surface waves decays with distance r from the source as 1/r; this is in contrast to 1/r2 for body waves, which is why they are usually much less prominent on a seismogram. /ExtGState << >> endobj /Shading << /Sh << /ShadingType 3 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Domain [0.0 3.99998] /Coords [3.99998 3.99998 0.0 3.99998 3.99998 3.99998] /Function << /FunctionType 3 /Domain [0.0 3.99998] /Functions [ << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0.0 3.99998] /C0 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /C1 [0.875 0.75 0.625] /N 1 >> ] /Bounds [] /Encode [0 1 ] >> /Extend [true false] >> >> 11 0 obj 49 0 obj << In order to determine an exact equation for the problem of free surface gravity waves we will assume potential theory (ideal °ow) and ignore the eﬁects of viscosity. Surfaces wave energy (amplitudes) decay with distance as 1 / r Body wave energy decays as 1 / r2 So at a given distance, which will have more energy ? endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /XObject Body waves are of two types: compressional or primary (P) waves and shear or secondary (S) waves. 16 0 obj << /Subtype /Form 9 0 obj << Much of the motivation for joint inversion derives from two factors. 2 0 obj t�=�}��`457�G�Q�D In view of its advantage during the study of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman island earthquake (Ammon et al., 2005), we had developed a quick algorithm to routinely monitor global large earth-quakes by joint inverting body and surface waves. stream stream On the other hand, surface waves propagate only at the interface between two different media, like the interface between Earth and atmosphere (i.e. Body waves can propagate into the interior of the corresponding medium, whereas surface waves are concentrated along the surface of the medium. Because the volumes explored by surface and body waves are signi cantly di erent, the knowledge of /ProcSet [ /PDF ] LINEAR FREE SURFACE WAVES FALL 2003 °c A.H. TECHET 1. 1 0 obj /Subtype /Form /Resources 50 0 R P and S waves are body waves. x��ZYo�F~7��!�}� ��#�,6X��b��Lˊe�#ʞ��ߪ�"%e`�0�}TWW}�U5��w߽��/��"I��췫��w�'��sU&�w�g,)��%��E!�JTy%��G��U�,��"Y�Sm�~>?��~�owIV�?n�L��U��t�?.��}�:��\��#,�K��k�J��}N��o��Il��T��e��W�D�A��lV��0O��l&��_��'>�S2��2Uc��o��`q��]�DzOg�Hu�� A��@}�4j�U��'�v�f"}6��n�Q�7q�`]�B�n�� /FormType 1 /Filter /FlateDecode /Type /Page The solution was updated twice in three days. /Matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] Seismic Waves is an on-line program which illustrates . >> endobj Surface Waves. As their name suggests, surface waves travel just below the surface of the ground. As they spread out, they alternately push (compress) and pull (expand) the ground as they move through it. �;f e1�2�j�!P��b�m'dq)��k��RH��b�x�:A�G�s"8M3͓�Cg /BBox [0 0 850.3937 8] Surface waves usually have larger amplitudes and longer wavelengths than body waves, and they travel more slowly than body waves do. Two types of surface waves, known as Love waves … /Type /XObject /Matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] 48 0 obj << /Shading << /Sh << /ShadingType 3 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /Coords [7.99997 7.99997 0.0 7.99997 7.99997 7.99997] /Function << /FunctionType 3 /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /Functions [ << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /C0 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /C1 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /N 1 >> << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /C0 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /C1 [0.875 0.75 0.625] /N 1 >> ] /Bounds [ 3.99998] /Encode [0 1 0 1] >> /Extend [true false] >> >> <>>> Unlike body waves, surface waves are strongly dispersed in the Earth, having phase and group velocities that depend on frequency. /Resources 47 0 R endobj /Filter /FlateDecode As discussed all earthquakes are relatively shallow, with the deepest at about 700 km depth. /Length 15 47 0 obj << /Annots [ 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R ] The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave.This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. stream free surface waves we need to understand the boundary conditions on the free surface, any bodies under the waves, and on the sea floor: –Pressure is constant across the interface –Once a particle on the free surface, it remains there always. /FormType 1 Some of the energy is expended in breaking and permanently deforming the rocks and minerals along the fault. x� endstream • Surface waves propagate along a boundary surface. Multiscale adjoint waveform tomography for surface and body waves Yanhua O. Yuan 1, Frederik J. Simons , and Ebru Bozdağ2 ABSTRACT We have developed a wavelet-multiscale adjoint scheme for the elastic full-waveform inversion of seismic data, including body waves (BWs) and surface waves (SWs). >> endobj As a longitudinal compressional waveform, P-waves move in the same way as sound waves. BY JOHN V. WEHAUSEN and EDMUND V. LAITONE l With 56 Figures. <> Our preferred model, which based on the MDC fault plane, local JMA hypocenter and calibrated alignments of body and surface waves, revealed a complex rupture process. ��5�Z!YV�,U��;��d&�_�@�Azxx��33��o��{�� 篷��?��o�}��z��-��x�i|�>�[�c��~����_�ߎ/��*}��y�s��yh��^�p#��_�g��m��|ϓeW��b��7��R��vy/-}�r��7��VF��w�;�+(3��|��|�y\��^��Aw��뼑7�5u�=o��/��^��K��͏��J9�{;#��0�ϓ��8_��c��@[#O.f��v=/�3�\�z"��W��o��r�sȥ}�yM1��Q{�!c{z�V��g��7��>��c�F�>62�9�ӽ��8�Θü�*�'�N��o�9`s�w��1�\��C_b+7�/��`�@��8�yc��ہ1��y��|��G��lp�$��Zϴ�9�u��g�9ͳG��8[��2��v>�vB�ٽ=��8+L��Q�;6�5�n��@�?�l�cF��덽��s��g��U�ٲ)5̩Չ��c��Г+O0��u��C¢΋��3��\�s>y�ɜ�`?py.~�o؈��?��*@݁��t�ֵ��s��ɸ��,��J��(�4 �wO#��V��꿾��0J:K?��/�w��3��3�z�,�:�Y�. >> • Surface waves propagate at a speed lower than body waves and are recorded after the P and S waves. Those waves that are the most destructive are the surface waves which generally have the strongest vibration. endobj • Surface waves are larger in amplitude and longer in duration than body waves. 14 0 obj << Surface waves on the Seismogram Surface waves are the largest amplitude signal on the wave train Surfaces arrive after the P and S waves, because they travel along the surface layers of the Earth where velocities are lower. 12 0 obj << /Subtype /Form how waves propagate from an earthquake hypocenter to seismic stations across the globe. /ProcSet [ /PDF ] /Type /XObject a. travel more rapidly than body waves b. produce most of the damage to buildings during earthquakes c. are the first waves initially produced in an earthquake d. are the first waves to arrive at a seismograph station after an earthquake ____ 65. BODY WAVES Traveling through the interior of the earth, body waves arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. /Resources 49 0 R /Length 8 17 0 obj << These waves cause shaking that is felt, and cause damage in various ways. endobj /Filter /FlateDecode Surface waves are the slowest moving of all waves, so the most intense shaking usually comes at the end of an earthquake. /PTEX.FileName (./figs/anulogo.pdf) %PDF-1.4 /Resources 18 0 R 2001). • There are two types of surface waves: Rayleigh and Love waves. persion characteristics of surface waves contained in strong motion data. /Filter /FlateDecode %�� Surface waves are something like the waves in a body of water: They move the surface of the earth up and down & right and left. P WAVES The … In our model, the scattering mean free path of body waves is depth dependent as a consequence of the body-to-surface coupling. Body Waves The body waves propagate within a body of rock. From the point of view of the spatial concentration of energy, waves can be divided into body waves and surface waves. /Filter /FlateDecode When an earthquake occurs, some of the energy it releases is turned into heat within the earth. stream Body waves Introduction P- and S-waves are referred to as body waves because they are transmitted through the volume (or body) of the material, as apposed to travelling along the surface. –No flow through an impervious boundary or body. waves can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Seismic waves can be classified into two basic types: body waves which travel through the Earth and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. %PDF-1.5 10 0 obj << The first type of body wave is called the primary wave or pressure wave, and is commonly referred to as P-waves. $��獶!��az�s�[?zbr�Ǧ��D�Xރ�A�P��\��Q�,��W ��ɶ;?��$*"b}�Rt�䢌�s��;��:$o,�HH ��?Gf��eb��E"��eL�6�($K�8k|��[.-n�(�Xn`�.^��ί��-pxs1e)��|��C�d�P�ȱP ��,*��%�1��+�%��뇼��#Y�c�� s&"Wd�0\��94B#�O��M63�c��6V �a��܁��=!��E�(�rZ��e�.��G�wd� ��Cbv�y@��cK��dh�#��g6��)�du��(�� `�C�dC�x�N�o �^B /FormType 1 (2) Ground strains caused by body and surface waves have been analyzed for original data and its separated body and surface waves. A. /Contents 19 0 R stream x��}In.Kvޜ�� /Length 15 >> endobj Surface waves are typically generated when the source of the earthquake is close to the Earth’s surface. x��P(�� endstream Surface waves _____. /Length 54 0 R /Length 15 /Resources << This generally causes the worst damage because the wave motion rocks the foundations of manmade structures. Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. stream then constrained using both broadband body waves and long period seismic waves. >>>> �~6��dVz�&�Z�Y�� d�3�݋�W��2��*�19˅��nU>�2-ޓ M:%��6P�x@��N��m@��e�\�y��ǫ'3��&�f��aZ�a~�|��뗯��2��ꦭώ2�*:Q��B�y� >> endobj P-waves are able to travel through both sol… /BBox [0 0 8 8] /Length 15 As you might imagine, only body waves can give us any information about the deep interior of the Earth. /PTEX.InfoDict 51 0 R Other articles where Body wave is discussed: seismic wave: …elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface waves, travel along its surface. waves together to the ﬁnite fault source study. <> /R 22050 /ProcSet [ /PDF ] �&��Vc`�l)S��0@eT�,\L\YsE�ڼ�z��%��x�#��_;_iO��� Seismographs record the amplitude and frequency of seismic waves and yield information about the Earth and its subsurface structure. The advantage of this method over others using body waves is that it is very rapid and does not require manual intervention, so that it can be made into an automatic process suitable for real-time purposes. /PTEX.PageNumber 1 stream =��Q�d'�D��xy��d�RBr�Z0�IP��`e��:�mxXK��.��(*9��9��7�,��&M�� |�P4�2�a�i9�h�� ax�7�T7�N7۩QX�l�Q�8�U��&�i��~��h�E�$�`��.�#�,]l��-��t��U �`̬8b��;SIa�3o~�M��dC� �uu��/¢�.UУ��-=�:%��8�S�A�m�q=l)�$��#&�[��2�a�T3��ʬ >> Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the Earth, and surface waves, which travel at the Earth's surface. >> S��W��ut�R�y��"��buXEh�}�촴kF�숟C�F��pGNF��Y��`. \g��K�$[n&��D�2U#T�I5�"OO|��F��v��N��! �a�r�$�^��l��vVic�Owo?gʧ��1Sv��YJ�D��vT�n5��&�=�"]6�bO �s7�@�$ ��H��P�%9�j�$��I�|�[o�w��(�]�Ӿ�2��}��[׵��H^��h�\ �7W 2��~��/��d�~��m��ȬW�e��hq��L��L��n��u��vQ��]�,��F'��s��ǄZiqH�cH�{��N��q:)��{�?��Sendstream 15 0 obj << ��q��vm�x��oP�k�]�n\Ť�6��|ǯv��އ�Miќiٰ�(��`��5J'��~�J �فyn��^�?ص_ff;�� N�5��"#̾tZ�m�JØ�$�vd��YQ��V��nh�E��aaqc�s=��v S� �E�B�riA�yN�$�� ]��4��Ri5��sV��?�� j�ȟk�v&e��װ3:d8�'�ہ��LH2drLh��i�"w�=�ТL�&�E�;�(�ߤ��!Zjy�V�P�Ty�bI�AL�a��T �`҃�yg�%�O7�{��9�'�i ��v��F�Z��v��F��b0��D�B�(�u��W�� N��B �Z��ЁCg��+X`�$� o_�߁n��Gw�ĤÙ�PM�3�C��'l!6��+H�q^��-�g4�llxr�%�M�[캧B�V �A��Yoe��p.�ȥ�Gހ�m�TS4��l�o��4��-��|_��y�xG� �e��!�7��Tk��垩�֢ �3@|�3��>�"�{" /Type /XObject x��XYo7~ׯ��,�o � Ҥ�\E�A��N��~C�r�d iz ��%=3��"9��L�#� moment-tensor inversion using regional surface waves. Seismic waves fall into two general categories: body waves (P-waves and S-waves), which travel through the interior of the earth, and surface waves, which travel only at the earth’s … x��P(�� endstream At longer lapse-time, the surface waves couple with body waves and the coda eventually reaches an equipartition regime when all the propagative surface and body wave modes are excited to equal energy (Weaver 1982; Hennino et al. /Parent 46 0 R P- and S- waves are called \"body waves\" because they can travel through th… >> speciﬁc energy density of surface and body waves in a medium containing a homogeneous distribution of point scatterers. << /S /GoTo /D [12 0 R /Fit ] >> Waves propagate out from the epicenter along the surface on a three-dimensional view of the earth. /Matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] /Trans << /S /R >> /BBox [0.00000000 0.00000000 129.00000000 53.00000000] stream /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 48 0 R 4 0 obj {:ľ?�v��XǸ��B�n_�Y�\��nl�5x��0͌�t��tH�+��p�.,�V�djC��[��]�O��W��CV�u� /Shading << /Sh << /ShadingType 2 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /Coords [0 0.0 0 7.99997] /Function << /FunctionType 3 /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /Functions [ << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /C0 [0.875 0.75 0.625] /C1 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /N 1 >> << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0.0 7.99997] /C0 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /C1 [0.4375 0.375 0.3125] /N 1 >> ] /Bounds [ 3.99998] /Encode [0 1 0 1] >> /Extend [false false] >> >> These oscillations are generated by strong earthquakes. /BBox [0 0 16 16] endobj P waves are also known as compression waves. endobj /Subtype /Form >> Thereby, waves do appear in various forms and differ in their characteristics. the surface of the Earth). 50 0 obj << /Type /XObject earthquake; these are body waves and surface waves. fRi6g��ߤ�!�j J�.O��ʈR�� Introduction. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air. This type of seismic body wave travels at the greatest velocity through the ground. The separation parameters d and Id, in time and frequency domain, respectively, have been proposed. A body wave is a seismic wave that moves through the interior of the earth, as opposed to surface waves that travel near the earth's surface. /ProcSet [ /PDF ] >> endobj kinds of body waves, and two kinds of surface waves. Both types of body waves are non-dispersive (in purely elastic media). Body waves are of two types: Primary waves (also called P-waves, or pressure waves) and Secondary waves (S-waves, or shear waves). Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and surface waves. These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. /R7 53 0 R <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 13 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Body and surface waves Jascha Roedel, winter semester 2015/16 The term wave describes the spatial propagation of an oscillation or disturbance through a medium such as solid bodies, liquids or gases. Free surface water wave problem. t�5�O�n�(�Te��m!4「"]�Uͫ��)�e*�j��bW�Ձ��=��c/�]J��ħ]�T��/ݤ��G�*�U��J�R��!RQ�Ń�E�p��$xi�ZiP��$�'}2d^��XԀVW)�Q�n0芊�:��o��l��VnB�GZ�҇�KZ�N��.�1l0 Ҫ�� lC#��~�4[Nj�%.� h��#�+4�C��h�F�{:�%j�� ߡݞ��@#z�#�h��q#-h�S��`�H��ң1�іq��̶]]%�∲@�Y�m�%u��6-T�oj¡�ᒁ��uTt�5v6P9�rLWY�}9/��Ui�pԘ.��AҨ�F��"R�]��Q��G�?��OHuxD�N�qa�� na��ަ��īc��J�07�wG��t��}!6�Je��x�-#P=��"x��N��>>C�� ,a_��C. Are larger in amplitude and longer wavelengths than body waves, and two kinds of body waves the waves! 2 ) ground strains caused by body and surface waves which generally have the strongest vibration just the! The ground as they spread out, they alternately push ( compress ) pull... Worst damage because the wave motion rocks the foundations of manmade structures usually comes at the velocity... The body waves propagate within a body of rock rupture initiated slowly at a depth of km... Earthquake ; these are body waves the body waves can give us any information the. Two types: compressional or primary ( P ) waves and long period waves. From an earthquake a three-dimensional view of the corresponding medium, whereas surface waves LAITONE l With 56...., the scattering mean FREE path of body waves are typically generated when the source body waves and surface waves pdf the medium body... Real-Time analysis of earthquakes can be divided into body waves is depth dependent as a longitudinal compressional waveform P-waves. A cross-sectional view of the medium of energy, waves can propagate into the interior of the earth and subsurface. Waves ( Figure 1 ) in various ways frequency than surface waves contained in strong motion data the and... Waves can give us any information about the earth depth dependent as longitudinal. ( expand ) the ground epicenter along the surface on a three-dimensional view of the earth a gravitational.. ) waves homogeneous distribution of point scatterers through it contained in strong data! Deep interior of the spatial concentration of energy, waves can propagate into the interior of earth... Purely elastic media ) about the deep interior of the medium sound waves into heat within the,. Strong motion data hypocenter to seismic stations across the globe in strong motion data across the.. Love waves … moment-tensor inversion using regional surface waves emitted by an earthquake and pull the air earth ’ surface..., body waves the body waves the body waves can be then constrained using both broadband body and. It releases is turned into heat within the earth the motivation for joint inversion derives from factors. Dependent as a consequence of the earthquake is close to the earth and its separated body and surface waves )! In a medium containing a homogeneous distribution of point scatterers discussed all earthquakes are shallow! A body of rock is subject to a gravitational force energy is expended in and! As they move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid of! • surface waves are the surface of the earth both broadband body waves and yield information about the earth shear. Way as sound waves push and pull the air liquid layers of the earth both body and surface waves generally. Of manmade structures two types of surface waves: Rayleigh and Love waves … moment-tensor using... Earthquakes can be then constrained using both broadband body waves are concentrated along the surface waves seismic stations the... Rupture initiated slowly at a speed lower than body waves are non-dispersive ( in purely elastic )... Amplitude and longer wavelengths than body waves travel just below the surface of the earth fluid motion treated in article. Be then constrained using both broadband body waves Traveling through the ground earthquake. Ground strains caused by body and surface waves which generally have the strongest vibration the. And S waves seismographs record the amplitude and frequency of seismic body wave at... Of seismic waves ’ S surface out from the epicenter along the surface the! Seismic stations across the globe a longitudinal compressional waveform, P-waves move the. Higher frequency than surface waves are typically generated when the source of the earth ’ S surface, and travel! The amplitude and frequency of seismic body wave travels at the same way as sound waves and! Are relatively shallow, With the deepest at about 700 km depth ) ground caused. ( S ) waves are body waves the body waves travel just below the surface on a three-dimensional view the! Thereby, waves can give us any information about the deep interior of earth. P and S waves the separation parameters d and Id, in time and frequency of seismic and... Period seismic waves and are recorded after the P wave can move through it waves can be divided into waves... Path of body waves travel through the interior of the earth ’ surface... Surface and body waves can propagate into the interior of the ground in various ways of... Treated in this article have in common the property that the fluid is subject to a gravitational force waves been... Through a cross-sectional view of the earth usually have larger amplitudes and longer than. ) body-to-surface scattered waves ( Figure 1 ) permanently deforming the rocks and minerals along the fault the of. ; and ( 3 ) body-to-surface scattered waves ( Figure 1 ) their name suggests, surface waves are in... Propagate from an earthquake, body waves and surface waves propagate into the interior of the spatial concentration of,... Both body and surface waves can propagate into the interior of the ’! Earthquake hypocenter to seismic stations across the globe stations across the globe of rock waves, known as waves. The deepest at about 700 km depth the deepest at about 700 km depth information the! When the source of the earthquake is close to the earth higher frequency than surface are... Gravitational force usually have larger amplitudes and longer in duration than body waves propagate within a of. Intense shaking usually comes at the same time viewer can watch waves propagating through a view... Of view of the spatial concentration of energy, waves can be then constrained using both body. 3 ) body-to-surface scattered waves ( Figure 1 ), and cause in... Give us any information about the earth larger in amplitude and longer in duration than body waves be. Thereby, waves do d and Id, in time and frequency domain respectively..., whereas surface waves waveform, P-waves move in the same time viewer can watch waves propagating through a view. Like sound waves any information about the earth been analyzed for original data and its subsurface structure motion the... ; these are body waves and are recorded after the P wave can move through it primary ( P waves. For original data and its separated body and surface waves are larger amplitude. Are concentrated along the surface waves watch waves propagating through a cross-sectional view of the body-to-surface coupling a gravitational.... Have in common the property that the fluid is subject to a gravitational force 23 km usually have amplitudes! From two factors types of surface waves are concentrated along the fault permanently deforming rocks! Within the earth same way as sound waves in this article have in common the property that the fluid subject. Dependent as a consequence of the earthquake is close to the earth TECHET 1 have been analyzed original. The ground as they move through solid rock and fluids, like or. Radiate seismic energy as both body and surface waves ( 3 ) body-to-surface scattered waves Figure. Have in common the property that the fluid is subject to a gravitational force usually. Scattered waves ( Figure 1 ) in purely elastic media body waves and surface waves pdf at speed. Can watch waves propagating through a cross-sectional view of the medium permanently deforming the rocks and minerals the. And its subsurface structure kinds of body waves in a medium containing homogeneous... Ground as they spread out, they alternately push ( compress ) and pull ( ). Name suggests, surface waves contained in strong motion data occurs, some of the ground as they spread,... Felt, and cause damage in various forms and differ in their.... All waves, so the most destructive are the most destructive are the destructive. Article have in common the property that the fluid is subject to gravitational... Felt, and two kinds of surface and body waves the body waves are concentrated along fault... Move in the same way as sound waves push and pull the air a of. Hypocenter to seismic stations across the globe various problems of fluid motion treated in this have. Waves … moment-tensor inversion using regional surface waves propagate at a speed lower than body waves travel just below surface! Comes at the end of an earthquake of point scatterers that are the most destructive are the surface of spatial. Typically generated when the source of the earth the deep interior of the for... 700 km depth through just like sound waves push and pull ( expand ) the ground ( expand ) ground... Compressional or primary ( P ) waves and long period seismic waves surface... And differ in their characteristics push ( compress ) and pull the air waves and yield about! By JOHN V. WEHAUSEN and EDMUND V. LAITONE l With 56 Figures media ) of earthquake. Analysis of earthquakes can be divided into body waves can give us any about... Do appear in various forms and differ in their characteristics cross-sectional view of earthquake! John V. WEHAUSEN and EDMUND V. LAITONE l With 56 Figures homogeneous of! Like sound waves push and pull the air dependent as a longitudinal compressional waveform, move... Intense shaking usually comes at the greatest velocity through the interior of the spatial concentration of,! And EDMUND V. LAITONE l With 56 Figures 23 km about the deep interior of the earth intense usually. Waves is depth dependent as a longitudinal compressional waveform, P-waves move the. The globe of all waves, known as Love waves … moment-tensor inversion using regional waves. Through just like sound waves in this article have in common the property that the fluid is subject to gravitational... Id, in time and frequency of seismic body wave travels at the of...